ABSTRACT
In recent years, it has been found that kisspeptin plays some key roles in the physiological processes of the brain, such as gender differentiation, positive and negative feedback of sex hormones, onset of puberty, and transduction of energy signals in the body, which suggests that kisspeptin may be a key molecule for the maturation and regulation of female reproductive function. In addition to the systemic roles of the kisspeptin, its local roles in reproductive organs are constantly being discovered. With the discovery that kisspeptin is involved in the pathological process of reproductive endocrine diseases such as isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF) and pathological hyperprolactinemia, exogenous application of kisspeptin to solve reproductive problems has become a new hot topic. The review focuses on the research progress of kisspeptin in the female reproductive system, especially on its application in assisted reproduction.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the role of intramuscular phloroglucinol injection in relieving pain of aged patients undergoing hysterescopy. Methods Totally 130 aged patients (aged from 60 to 76 years old) undergoing hysteroscopy were evenly randomized into the phloroglucinol group and placebo group. The phloroglucinol group received phloroglucinol (80 mg i. m.) 5 min before undergoing hysteroscopy; the placebo group received intramuscular injection of normal saline (8 ml). The pain degrees were measured by visual analog scales (VAS) in the two groups. The heart rate,blood pressure,and saturation of blood oxygen were observed before and 5 min after entering hysteroscope. Results The VAS score of phloroglucinol group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group (2. 8 ± 1. 5 vs 5. 1 ± 2. 1, P<0. 05). The heart rate of the placebo group was significantly faster at 5 min after hysteroscopy compared with that before hysteroscopy (88. 7 ± 18. 3/min vs 75. 8 ± 18. 9/min, P<0. 05). There were no significant differences in the blood pressure and saturation of blood oxygen between the two groups. Conclusion Intramuscular injection of phloroglucinol can alleviate the pain in aged female patients undergoing hysteroscopy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the efficacy of cimicifuga racemosa in reatment of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy. Methods Seventy 45-60 years old women, who had menopause for more than one year and symptoms of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy, were randomly divided into two groups: observation group(n = 40) and placebo group(n=30). The observation group was given cimicifuga racemosa (remifemin) 20 mg twice a day for 12 weeks. The placebo group was given one calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 tablet twice a day for 12 weeks. The serum levels of follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) and thickness of endometrium were examined before and after treatment. The vaginal pH value, maturation degree of vaginal exfoliated cells, and atrophic vaginitis evaluating score were used to assess the therapeutic effects. The adverse effects were recorded. Results In the observation group there were no significant differences in FSH and E2 levels and endometrium thickness before and after treatment (P>0. 05). The vaginal pH value showed a decreasing tendency and the maturation degree of vaginal exfoliated cells showed an increasing tendency after treatment in the observation group, but there were no significant differences (P>0. 05). The atrophic vaginitis evaluating score was significantly higher before treatment compared with that after treatment (6. 0 ± 0. 6 vs 3. 3 ± 0. 6, P<0. 05). There were no adverse effects during the treatment. Conclusion The remifemin shows certain therapeutic effects for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women.